{ "generated": "2026-10-01T04:48:16.389Z", "atlas": "https://santismm.com/en/labs/homeric-atlas", "methodology": "https://santismm.com/en/labs/homeric-atlas/methodology", "license": "Content © Santiago Santa María Morales, licensed CC BY 4.0.", "license_spdx": "CC-BY-4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "rubric": { "max": 12, "max_per_criterion": 3, "criteria": [ "textual", "archaeological", "scholarly", "geographic" ], "bands": { "high": "10-12", "medium": "6-9", "low": "3-5", "minimal": "0-2" }, "note": "Four criteria scored 0–3 each; score is their sum and band is derived from score. This is an editorial judgement instrument, not a probability: a 9/12 does not mean a 75% chance." }, "place": { "id": "HOM-P-034", "slug": "dodona", "version": "1.0", "updated": "2026-08-22", "identification": "accepted", "unlocated": false, "region": "mainlandGreece", "homeric_names": [ "Δωδώνη" ], "canonical_url": "https://santismm.com/en/labs/homeric-atlas/places/dodona", "api_url": "https://santismm.com/api/homeric/places/dodona", "primary_hypothesis": "dodona-site", "confidence": { "textual": 3, "archaeological": 3, "scholarly": 3, "geographic": 3, "score": 12, "band": "high" }, "attestations": [ { "work": "iliad", "book": 16, "lines": "233-235", "citation": "Iliad 16.233–235", "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134:book=16:card=1" }, { "work": "odyssey", "book": 14, "lines": "327-330", "citation": "Odyssey 14.327–330", "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136:book=14:card=1" }, { "work": "odyssey", "book": 19, "lines": "296-299", "citation": "Odyssey 19.296–299", "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136:book=19:card=1" } ], "hypotheses": [ { "id": "dodona-site", "identification": "accepted", "modern_name": "Dodoni, Epirus", "country": "GR", "lat": 39.5464, "lon": 20.7875, "precision": "site", "proponent": "Continuous identification; excavated from the nineteenth century", "era": "antiquity", "since": null, "plottable": true, "off_map": false, "confidence": { "textual": 3, "archaeological": 3, "scholarly": 3, "geographic": 3, "score": 12, "band": "high" }, "sources": [ "dodona-excavations", "herodotus-2-52", "iliad" ], "locales": { "en": { "label": "The sanctuary at Dodona, Epirus", "note": "An excavated sanctuary of Zeus in a mountain valley south of Ioannina, with material reaching back before the archaic oracle and a documented oracular practice. Achilles prays to 'Zeus of Dodona' and Odysseus twice claims to have gone there to consult the oak — the same institution, in the same place." }, "es": { "label": "El santuario de Dodona, Epiro", "note": "Un santuario de Zeus excavado en un valle de montaña al sur de Ioánina, con material anterior al oráculo arcaico y una práctica oracular documentada. Aquiles reza al «Zeus de Dodona» y Odiseo afirma dos veces haber ido allí a consultar la encina: la misma institución, en el mismo lugar." }, "pt": { "label": "O santuário de Dodona, Epiro", "note": "Um santuário de Zeus escavado num vale de montanha ao sul de Ioânina, com material anterior ao oráculo arcaico e uma prática oracular documentada. Aquiles reza ao “Zeus de Dodona” e Odisseu afirma duas vezes ter ido ali consultar o carvalho — a mesma instituição, no mesmo lugar." }, "fr": { "label": "Le sanctuaire de Dodone, Épire", "note": "Un sanctuaire de Zeus fouillé dans une vallée montagneuse au sud de Ioannina, avec du matériel remontant au-delà de l'oracle archaïque et une pratique oraculaire documentée. Achille prie le « Zeus de Dodone » et Ulysse prétend à deux reprises s'y être rendu pour consulter le chêne — la même institution, au même endroit." }, "zh": { "label": "伊庇鲁斯的多多纳圣所", "note": "位于约阿尼纳以南山谷中已发掘的宙斯圣所，其文物可追溯到古风时期神谕之前，并有文献记载的神谕实践。阿喀琉斯向“多多纳的宙斯”祈祷，奥德修斯两次声称曾前往那里咨询橡树——相同的机构，在相同的地方。" }, "de": { "label": "Das Heiligtum von Dodona, Epirus", "note": "Ein ausgegrabenes Heiligtum des Zeus in einem Bergtal südlich von Ioannina, mit Funden, die bis vor das archaische Orakel zurückreichen, und einer dokumentierten Orakelpraxis. Achilleus betet zum „Zeus von Dodona“ und Odysseus behauptet zweimal, dorthin gereist zu sein, um die Eiche zu befragen – dieselbe Institution am selben Ort." }, "ja": { "label": "エピロスのドドナの聖域", "note": "ヨアニナの南の山谷にある、発掘されたゼウスの聖域。古風な神託以前に遡る遺物と、記録された神託の慣行が存在する。アキレウスは「ドドナのゼウス」に祈り、オデュッセウスはオークの木に相談するためにそこへ行ったと2度主張している。同じ場所にある、同じ制度である。" } } } ], "episodes": [], "sources": [ { "id": "iliad", "kind": "primary_text", "citation": "Homer, Iliad (trans. A. T. Murray, Loeb, 1924)", "author": "Homer" }, { "id": "odyssey", "kind": "primary_text", "citation": "Homer, Odyssey (trans. A. T. Murray, Loeb, 1919)", "author": "Homer" }, { "id": "dodona-excavations", "kind": "archaeology", "citation": "Excavations at Dodona, Epirus — sanctuary of Zeus with Bronze Age and early Iron Age material and later oracular installations", "year": 1990 }, { "id": "herodotus-2-52", "kind": "primary_text", "citation": "Herodotus, Histories 2.52-57 — the oracle of Dodona and its origins", "author": "Herodotus", "year": -430 } ], "locales": { "en": { "name": "Dodona", "summary": "The oracle of Zeus in the Epirote mountains, and one of the few Homeric institutions we can excavate: the same god, the same oak, the same valley.", "description": [ "Achilles prays to Zeus of Dodona in the Iliad, calling on the Selloi who sleep on the ground and do not wash their feet. In the Odyssey, Odysseus twice tells a story in which he goes to Dodona to hear Zeus' will from the oak. The oracle is a normal part of the poems' world, not a marvel.", "The sanctuary was excavated, and the practice of inscribing questions on lead tablets is attested there in later centuries. It is a rare case where a Homeric religious institution has a findable address." ], "identificationNote": "Accepted: a named, excavated sanctuary whose Homeric description matches its documented practice.", "debate": "How far back the oracle goes, and whether the Selloi of the Iliad reflect a real archaic priesthood or an already-antique memory when the poem was composed." }, "es": { "name": "Dodona", "summary": "El oráculo de Zeus en las montañas del Epiro y una de las pocas instituciones homéricas que se pueden excavar: el mismo dios, la misma encina, el mismo valle.", "description": [ "Aquiles reza al Zeus de Dodona en la Ilíada, invocando a los selos que duermen en el suelo y no se lavan los pies. En la Odisea, Odiseo cuenta dos veces una historia en la que va a Dodona a escuchar de la encina la voluntad de Zeus. El oráculo es una parte normal del mundo de los poemas, no un prodigio.", "El santuario fue excavado, y en siglos posteriores está atestiguada allí la práctica de inscribir preguntas en tablillas de plomo. Es un caso raro en que una institución religiosa homérica tiene una dirección localizable." ], "identificationNote": "Aceptada: un santuario nombrado y excavado cuya descripción homérica coincide con su práctica documentada.", "debate": "Hasta cuándo se remonta el oráculo y si los selos de la Ilíada reflejan un sacerdocio arcaico real o un recuerdo ya antiguo cuando se compuso el poema." }, "pt": { "name": "Dodona", "summary": "O oráculo de Zeus nas montanhas do Epiro e uma das poucas instituições homéricas que se podem escavar: o mesmo deus, o mesmo carvalho, o mesmo vale.", "description": [ "Aquiles reza ao Zeus de Dodona na Ilíada, invocando os selos que dormem no chão e não lavam os pés. Na Odisseia, Odisseu conta duas vezes uma história em que vai a Dodona ouvir do carvalho a vontade de Zeus. O oráculo é parte normal do mundo dos poemas, não um prodígio.", "O santuário foi escavado, e em séculos posteriores está atestada ali a prática de inscrever perguntas em tabuinhas de chumbo. É um caso raro em que uma instituição religiosa homérica tem endereço localizável." ], "identificationNote": "Aceita: um santuário nomeado e escavado cuja descrição homérica coincide com sua prática documentada.", "debate": "Até quando o oráculo recua, e se os selos da Ilíada refletem um sacerdócio arcaico real ou uma lembrança já antiga quando o poema foi composto." }, "fr": { "name": "Dodone", "summary": "L'oracle de Zeus dans les montagnes de l'Épire, et l'une des rares institutions homériques que nous puissions fouiller : le même dieu, le même chêne, la même vallée.", "description": [ "Achille prie le Zeus de Dodone dans l'Iliade, invoquant les Selles qui dorment sur le sol et ne se lavent pas les pieds. Dans l'Odyssée, Ulysse raconte à deux reprises une histoire où il se rend à Dodone pour entendre la volonté de Zeus depuis le chêne. L'oracle fait normalement partie du monde des poèmes, ce n'est pas une merveille.", "Le sanctuaire a été fouillé, et la pratique consistant à inscrire des questions sur des tablettes de plomb y est attestée dans les siècles suivants. C'est un cas rare où une institution religieuse homérique possède une adresse identifiable." ], "identificationNote": "Accepté : un sanctuaire nommé et fouillé, dont la description homérique correspond à la pratique documentée.", "debate": "Jusqu'où remonte l'oracle, et si les Selles de l'Iliade reflètent un véritable sacerdoce archaïque ou un souvenir déjà antique lors de la composition du poème." }, "de": { "name": "Dodona", "summary": "Das Orakel des Zeus in den Bergen von Epirus und eine der wenigen homerischen Institutionen, die wir ausgraben können: derselbe Gott, dieselbe Eiche, dasselbe Tal.", "description": [ "Achilleus betet in der Ilias zu Zeus von Dodona und ruft die Selloi an, die auf dem Boden schlafen und sich die Füße nicht waschen. In der Odyssee erzählt Odysseus zweimal eine Geschichte, in der er nach Dodona reist, um den Willen des Zeus aus der Eiche zu vernehmen. Das Orakel ist ein normaler Teil der Welt der Epen, kein Wunder.", "Das Heiligtum wurde ausgegraben, und die Praxis, Fragen auf Bleitäfelchen zu ritzen, ist dort für spätere Jahrhunderte belegt. Es ist ein seltener Fall, in dem eine homerische religiöse Institution eine auffindbare Adresse hat." ], "identificationNote": "Akzeptiert: ein namentlich bekanntes, ausgegrabenes Heiligtum, dessen homerische Beschreibung mit der dokumentierten Praxis übereinstimmt.", "debate": "Wie weit das Orakel zurückreicht und ob die Selloi der Ilias eine reale archaische Priesterschaft oder eine bereits antike Erinnerung zur Zeit der Entstehung des Epos widerspiegeln." }, "ja": { "name": "ドドナ", "summary": "エピロス地方の山中にあるゼウスの神託所。ホメロスの世界に登場する制度の中で、私たちが発掘できる数少ないものの1つである。同じ神、同じオークの木、同じ谷が存在する。", "description": [ "『イリアス』でアキレウスはドドナのゼウスに祈り、地に伏して眠り足を洗わないセロイ（Selloi）に呼びかける。『オデュッセイア』では、オデュッセウスがオークの木からゼウスの意志を聞くためにドドナへ行くという話を2度語っている。この神託所は詩の世界の日常的な一部であり、驚異ではない。", "聖域は発掘されており、後世において鉛の板に質問を刻む習慣があったことがそこで証明されている。これは、ホメロスの宗教的制度が特定可能な住所を持っている稀なケースである。" ], "identificationNote": "合意：名前が特定され、発掘された聖域であり、そのホメロスによる描写は記録されている慣行と一致している。", "debate": "神託の歴史がどこまで遡るのか、そして『イリアス』のセロイが実際の古風な聖職者層を反映しているのか、それとも詩が作られた時点で既に古代の記憶となっていたものなのか。" }, "zh": { "name": "多多纳", "summary": "伊庇鲁斯山区宙斯的神谕所，也是我们能够发掘的少数荷马时代制度之一：相同的神、相同的橡树、相同的山谷。", "description": [ "在《伊利亚特》中，阿喀琉斯向多多纳的宙斯祈祷，呼唤睡在地上且不洗脚的塞洛伊人。在《奥德赛》中，奥德修斯两次讲述了他前往多多纳，从橡树中聆听宙斯旨意的故事。神谕是诗歌世界的常态，而非奇迹。", "该圣所已被发掘，在后来的几个世纪里，那里有在铅板上刻写问题的做法。这是一个罕见的案例，即荷马史诗中的宗教机构拥有可寻找的地址。" ], "identificationNote": "公认：一个已命名且已发掘的圣所，其荷马史诗中的描述与其有文献记载的实践相吻合。", "debate": "该神谕可以追溯到多久以前，以及《伊利亚特》中的塞洛伊人反映的是真实的古风时期祭司阶层，还是在诗歌创作时就已经是一段古老的记忆。" } } } }