{
  "generated": "2026-08-29T14:59:42.239Z",
  "atlas": "https://santismm.com/en/labs/homeric-atlas",
  "methodology": "https://santismm.com/en/labs/homeric-atlas/methodology",
  "license": "Content © Santiago Santa María Morales, licensed CC BY 4.0.",
  "license_spdx": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "rubric": {
    "max": 12,
    "max_per_criterion": 3,
    "criteria": [
      "textual",
      "archaeological",
      "scholarly",
      "geographic"
    ],
    "bands": {
      "high": "10-12",
      "medium": "6-9",
      "low": "3-5",
      "minimal": "0-2"
    },
    "note": "Four criteria scored 0–3 each; score is their sum and band is derived from score. This is an editorial judgement instrument, not a probability: a 9/12 does not mean a 75% chance."
  },
  "place": {
    "id": "HOM-P-034",
    "slug": "dodona",
    "version": "1.0",
    "updated": "2026-08-22",
    "identification": "accepted",
    "unlocated": false,
    "region": "mainlandGreece",
    "homeric_names": [
      "Δωδώνη"
    ],
    "canonical_url": "https://santismm.com/en/labs/homeric-atlas/places/dodona",
    "api_url": "https://santismm.com/api/homeric/places/dodona",
    "primary_hypothesis": "dodona-site",
    "confidence": {
      "textual": 3,
      "archaeological": 3,
      "scholarly": 3,
      "geographic": 3,
      "score": 12,
      "band": "high"
    },
    "attestations": [
      {
        "work": "iliad",
        "book": 16,
        "lines": "233-235",
        "citation": "Iliad 16.233–235",
        "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134:book=16:card=1"
      },
      {
        "work": "odyssey",
        "book": 14,
        "lines": "327-330",
        "citation": "Odyssey 14.327–330",
        "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136:book=14:card=1"
      },
      {
        "work": "odyssey",
        "book": 19,
        "lines": "296-299",
        "citation": "Odyssey 19.296–299",
        "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136:book=19:card=1"
      }
    ],
    "hypotheses": [
      {
        "id": "dodona-site",
        "identification": "accepted",
        "modern_name": "Dodoni, Epirus",
        "country": "GR",
        "lat": 39.5464,
        "lon": 20.7875,
        "precision": "site",
        "proponent": "Continuous identification; excavated from the nineteenth century",
        "era": "antiquity",
        "since": null,
        "plottable": true,
        "off_map": false,
        "confidence": {
          "textual": 3,
          "archaeological": 3,
          "scholarly": 3,
          "geographic": 3,
          "score": 12,
          "band": "high"
        },
        "sources": [
          "dodona-excavations",
          "herodotus-2-52",
          "iliad"
        ],
        "locales": {
          "en": {
            "label": "The sanctuary at Dodona, Epirus",
            "note": "An excavated sanctuary of Zeus in a mountain valley south of Ioannina, with material reaching back before the archaic oracle and a documented oracular practice. Achilles prays to 'Zeus of Dodona' and Odysseus twice claims to have gone there to consult the oak — the same institution, in the same place."
          },
          "es": {
            "label": "El santuario de Dodona, Epiro",
            "note": "Un santuario de Zeus excavado en un valle de montaña al sur de Ioánina, con material anterior al oráculo arcaico y una práctica oracular documentada. Aquiles reza al «Zeus de Dodona» y Odiseo afirma dos veces haber ido allí a consultar la encina: la misma institución, en el mismo lugar."
          },
          "pt": {
            "label": "O santuário de Dodona, Epiro",
            "note": "Um santuário de Zeus escavado num vale de montanha ao sul de Ioânina, com material anterior ao oráculo arcaico e uma prática oracular documentada. Aquiles reza ao “Zeus de Dodona” e Odisseu afirma duas vezes ter ido ali consultar o carvalho — a mesma instituição, no mesmo lugar."
          }
        }
      }
    ],
    "episodes": [],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "iliad",
        "kind": "primary_text",
        "citation": "Homer, Iliad (trans. A. T. Murray, Loeb, 1924)",
        "author": "Homer"
      },
      {
        "id": "odyssey",
        "kind": "primary_text",
        "citation": "Homer, Odyssey (trans. A. T. Murray, Loeb, 1919)",
        "author": "Homer"
      },
      {
        "id": "dodona-excavations",
        "kind": "archaeology",
        "citation": "Excavations at Dodona, Epirus — sanctuary of Zeus with Bronze Age and early Iron Age material and later oracular installations",
        "year": 1990
      },
      {
        "id": "herodotus-2-52",
        "kind": "primary_text",
        "citation": "Herodotus, Histories 2.52-57 — the oracle of Dodona and its origins",
        "author": "Herodotus",
        "year": -430
      }
    ],
    "locales": {
      "en": {
        "name": "Dodona",
        "summary": "The oracle of Zeus in the Epirote mountains, and one of the few Homeric institutions we can excavate: the same god, the same oak, the same valley.",
        "description": [
          "Achilles prays to Zeus of Dodona in the Iliad, calling on the Selloi who sleep on the ground and do not wash their feet. In the Odyssey, Odysseus twice tells a story in which he goes to Dodona to hear Zeus' will from the oak. The oracle is a normal part of the poems' world, not a marvel.",
          "The sanctuary was excavated, and the practice of inscribing questions on lead tablets is attested there in later centuries. It is a rare case where a Homeric religious institution has a findable address."
        ],
        "identificationNote": "Accepted: a named, excavated sanctuary whose Homeric description matches its documented practice.",
        "debate": "How far back the oracle goes, and whether the Selloi of the Iliad reflect a real archaic priesthood or an already-antique memory when the poem was composed."
      },
      "es": {
        "name": "Dodona",
        "summary": "El oráculo de Zeus en las montañas del Epiro y una de las pocas instituciones homéricas que se pueden excavar: el mismo dios, la misma encina, el mismo valle.",
        "description": [
          "Aquiles reza al Zeus de Dodona en la Ilíada, invocando a los selos que duermen en el suelo y no se lavan los pies. En la Odisea, Odiseo cuenta dos veces una historia en la que va a Dodona a escuchar de la encina la voluntad de Zeus. El oráculo es una parte normal del mundo de los poemas, no un prodigio.",
          "El santuario fue excavado, y en siglos posteriores está atestiguada allí la práctica de inscribir preguntas en tablillas de plomo. Es un caso raro en que una institución religiosa homérica tiene una dirección localizable."
        ],
        "identificationNote": "Aceptada: un santuario nombrado y excavado cuya descripción homérica coincide con su práctica documentada.",
        "debate": "Hasta cuándo se remonta el oráculo y si los selos de la Ilíada reflejan un sacerdocio arcaico real o un recuerdo ya antiguo cuando se compuso el poema."
      },
      "pt": {
        "name": "Dodona",
        "summary": "O oráculo de Zeus nas montanhas do Epiro e uma das poucas instituições homéricas que se podem escavar: o mesmo deus, o mesmo carvalho, o mesmo vale.",
        "description": [
          "Aquiles reza ao Zeus de Dodona na Ilíada, invocando os selos que dormem no chão e não lavam os pés. Na Odisseia, Odisseu conta duas vezes uma história em que vai a Dodona ouvir do carvalho a vontade de Zeus. O oráculo é parte normal do mundo dos poemas, não um prodígio.",
          "O santuário foi escavado, e em séculos posteriores está atestada ali a prática de inscrever perguntas em tabuinhas de chumbo. É um caso raro em que uma instituição religiosa homérica tem endereço localizável."
        ],
        "identificationNote": "Aceita: um santuário nomeado e escavado cuja descrição homérica coincide com sua prática documentada.",
        "debate": "Até quando o oráculo recua, e se os selos da Ilíada refletem um sacerdócio arcaico real ou uma lembrança já antiga quando o poema foi composto."
      }
    }
  }
}